Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War (1954) between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries. Dien Bien Phu which is 500km from Ha Noi is deep in the mountains and is near the border between Vietnam and Laos. The area includes deep ravines and up to over 2500m-mountains. Muong Thanh Valley of Dien Bien is the biggest valley in the northwest of Vietnam, measures at 20km from north-to-south and over 6km from east-to-west.   

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